A Virtual currency " Bitcoin"

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency and a payment system.

Bitcoin is a form of digital currency, created and held electronically. No one controls it. Bitcoins aren’t printed, like dollars or euros – they’re produced by people, and increasingly businesses, running computers all around the world, using software that solves mathematical problems.Bitcoin was introduced on 31 October 2008 to a cryptography mailing list,and released as open-source software in 2009. The system is peer-to-peer, and transactions take place between users directly, without an intermediary. These transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in a public distributed ledger called the blockchain,which uses bitcoin as its unit of account.

What makes it different from normal currencies?

Bitcoin can be used to buy things electronically. In that sense, it’s like conventional dollars, euros, or yen, which are also traded digitally.

However, bitcoin’s most important characteristic, and the thing that makes it different to conventional money, is that it is decentralized. No single institution controls the bitcoin network. This puts some people at ease, because it means that a large bank can’t control their money.

Who created it?

A software developer called Satoshi Nakamoto proposed bitcoin, which was an electronic payment system based on mathematical proof. The idea was to produce a currency independent of any central authority, transferable electronically, more or less instantly, with very low transaction fees.

Who prints it?

No one. This currency isn’t physically printed in the shadows by a central bank, unaccountable to the population, and making its own rules. Those banks can simply produce more money to cover the national debt, thus devaluing their currency.

Instead, bitcoin is created digitally, by a community of people that anyone can join. Bitcoins are ‘mined’, using computing power in a distributed network.

This network also processes transactions made with the virtual currency, effectively making bitcoin its own payment network.

So you can’t churn out unlimited bitcoins?

That’s right. The bitcoin protocol – the rules that make bitcoin work – say that only 21 million bitcoins can ever be created by miners. However, these coins can be divided into smaller parts (the smallest divisible amount is one hundred millionth of a bitcoin and is called a ‘Satoshi’, after the founder of bitcoin).

What are its characteristics?

Bitcoin has several important features that set it apart from government-backed currencies.

1. It's decentralized

The bitcoin network isn’t controlled by one central authority. Every machine that mines bitcoin and processes transactions makes up a part of the network, and the machines work together. That means that, in theory, one central authority can’t tinker with monetary policy and cause a meltdown – or simply decide to take people’s bitcoins away from them, as the Central European Bank decided to do in Cyprus in early 2013. And if some part of the network goes offline for some reason, the money keeps on flowing.

2. It's easy to set up

Conventional banks make you jump through hoops simply to open a bank account. Setting up merchant accounts for payment is another Kafkaesque task, beset by bureaucracy. However, you can set up a bitcoin address in seconds, no questions asked, and with no fees payable.

3. It's anonymous

Well, kind of. Users can hold multiple bitcoin addresses, and they aren’t linked to names, addresses, or other personally identifying information. However…

4. It's completely transparent

…bitcoin stores details of every single transaction that ever happened in the network in a huge version of a general ledger, called the blockchain. The blockchain tells all.

If you have a publicly used bitcoin address, anyone can tell how many bitcoins are stored at that address. They just don’t know that it’s yours.

There are measures that people can take to make their activities more opaque on the bitcoin network, though, such as not using the same bitcoin addresses consistently, and not transferring lots of bitcoin to a single address.

5. Transaction fees are miniscule

Your bank may charge you a £10 fee for international transfers. Bitcoin doesn’t.

6. It’s fast

You can send money anywhere and it will arrive minutes later, as soon as the bitcoin network processes the payment.

7. It’s non-repudiable

When your bitcoins are sent, there’s no getting them back, unless the recipient returns them to you. They’re gone forever.

So, bitcoin has a lot going for it, in theory. But how does it work, in practice? Read more to find out how bitcoins are mined, what happens when a bitcoin transaction occurs, and how the network keeps track of everything.

Get your bitcoin wallet :-

Exploring "The Hidden Wiki"

Today we will talk about The hidden wiki, the wikipedia of tor browser...

What is The Hidden Wiki ???

"The Hidden Wiki is the name of several censorship-resistant wikis operating as Tor hidden services that anyone can anonymously edit after registering on the site. The main page serves as a directory of links to other .onion sites"

Actually it gives the link of other .onion sites.

In Details :-

The Hidden Wiki is a censorship-resistant wiki operating as a Tor hidden service that anyone can anonymously edit. The main page serves as a directory of links to other .onion sites.
As a hidden service, The Hidden Wiki operates through the .onion pseudo top-level domain which can be accessed only by using Tor or a Tor gateway. Its main page provides a community-maintained link directory to other hidden services, including links to money laundering, whistle blowing, email contract killing, hackers for hire, contraband chemicals, warez, torrents, chans, IRCs, and ebooks. The rest of the wiki is essentially uncensored except for cp and offers links to sites while anything.
The Hidden Wiki is a historical Wiki containing 100's of useful links to Tor Hidden Services. Find what you're looking for quickly by browsing through each category.

How The Hidden Wiki started :

The first Hidden Wiki was operated through the .onion pseudo top-level domain which can be accessed only by using Tor or a Tor gateway. Its main page provided a community-maintained link directory to other hidden services, including links claiming to offer money laundering, contract killing, cyber-attacks for hire, contraband chemicals, and bomb making. The rest of the wiki was essentially uncensored as well and also offered links to sites hosting child pornography and abuse images.
The first iteration of the Hidden Wiki was founded some time before October 2011, coming to prominence with its associations with illegal content.
At some point prior to August 2013, the site was hosted on Freedom Hosting.

In March 2014 the site and its kpvz7ki2v5agwt35.onion domain was hacked and redirected to Doxbin. Following this event, the content began to be mirrored to more locations. During Operation Onymous in November 2014, after its Bulgarian hosting was compromised, the site served a message from law enforcement.

The contains of the main page of The Hidden Wiki :---

Contents

• 1 Editor's picks
• 2 Volunteer
• 3 Introduction Points
• 4 Financial Services
• 5 Commercial Services
• 6 Domain Services
• 7 Anonymity & Security
• 8 Hosting / Web / File / Image
• 9 Blogs / Essays / Wikis
• 10 Email / Messaging
• 11 Social Networks
• 12 Forums / Boards / Chans
• 13 Political Advocacy
• 14 Whistleblowing
  • 14.1 WikiLeaks
  • 14.2 Other
• 15 H/P/A/W/V/C
• 16 Audio - Music / Streams
• 17 Video - Movies / TV
• 18 Books
• 19 Drugs
• 20 ADULT
• 21 Erotica
  • 21.1 Noncommercial (E)
  • 21.2 Commercial (E)
  • 21.3 Animal Related
  • 21.4 Other
• 22 Uncategorized
• 23 Non-English
  • 23.1 Belarussian / Белорусский
  • 23.2 Finnish / Suomi
  • 23.3 French / Français
  • 23.4 German / Deutsch
  • 23.5 Greek / ελληνικά
  • 23.6 Italian / Italiano
  • 23.7 Japanese / 日本語
  • 23.8 Korean / 한국어
  • 23.9 Chinese / 中国語
  • 23.10 Polish / Polski
  • 23.11 Russian / Русский
  • 23.12 Spanish / Español
  • 23.13 Swedish / Svenska
  • 23.14 Portuguese / Português
• 24 Hidden Services - Other Protocols
• 25 P2P FileSharing
  • 25.1 Chat centric services
    • 25.1.1 IRC
    • 25.1.2 SILC
    • 25.1.3 XMPP (formerly Jabber)
    • 25.1.4 TorChat Addresses
• 26 SFTP - SSH File Transfer Protocol
  • 26.1 OnionCat Addresses
  • 26.2 Bitcoin Seeding
• 27 Dead Hidden Services

Getting a Little Darker

today we discuss on a type of dark net :-  

What is Dark Web and how to access it?

The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets, overlay networks which

use public Internet but require specific software, configurations or authorization to access. The dark 

web forms a small part of the deep web, the part of the Web not indexed by search engines.

The Dark Web is a term that refers specifically to a collection of websites that exist on an encrypted network and cannot be found by using traditional search engines or visited by using traditional browsers.

The most famous content that resides on the Dark Web is found in the TOR network. The TOR network is an anonymous network that can only be accessed with a special web browser, called the TOR browser. This is the portion of the Internet most widely known for illicit activities because of the anonymity associated with the TOR network.

Almost all sites on the so-called Dark Web hide their identity using the Tor encryption tool. You may know Tor for its ability to hide your identity and activity. You can use Tor to spoof your location so it appears you're in a different country to where you're really located. When a website is run through Tor it has much the same effect.

Indeed, it multiplies the effect. To visit a site on the Dark Web that is using Tor encryption, the web user needs to be using Tor. Just as the end user's IP address is bounced through several layers of encryption to appear to be at another IP address on the Tor network, so is that of the website. So there are several layers of magnitude more secrecy than the already secret act of using Tor to visit a website on the open internet - for both parties.

Some Cases of using Dark Web...

The Dark Web hit the headlines in August 2015 after it was been reported that 10GB of data stolen from Ashley Madison, a site designed to enable bored spouses to cheat on their partners, was dumped on to the Dark Web. Hackers stole the data and threatened to upload it to the web if the site did not close down, and it has now acted on that threat. Now the spouses of Ashley Madison users have begun to receive blackmail letters demanding they pay $2500 in Bitcoin or have the infidelity exposed.

In March 2015 the UK government launched a dedicated cybercrime unit to tackle the Dark Web, with a particular focus on cracking down on serious crime rings and child pornography. The National Crime Agency (NCA) and UK intelligence outfit GCHQ are together creating the Joint Operations Cell (JOC).

Web based Hidden Services in January 2015

Category	Percentage
Gambling	0.4
Guns	1.4
Chat	2.2
New (Not yet indexed)	2.2
Abuse	2.2
Books	2.5
Directory	2.5
Blog	2.75
Porn	2.75
Hosting	3.5
Hacking	4.25
Search	4.25
Anonymity	4.5
Forum	4.75
Counterfeit	5.2
Whistleblower	5.2
Wiki	5.2
Mail	5.7
Bitcoin	6.2
Fraud	9
Market	9
Drugs	15.4

The Other Side of Internet

In my last blog i talked a little about deep web today we will take a closer look on " Darknet" which is the dark side of Internet.

The size of the Deep Web is difficult to calculate. But top university researchers say the Web you know -- Facebook, Wikipedia, news -- makes up less than 1% of the entire World Wide Web.When you surf the Web, you really are just floating at the surface. For Example- Deep web are those which you can not find on Google.  Dive below and there are tens of trillions of pages -- an unfathomable number -- that most people have never seen which is known as Darknet.

   But first, what exactly is the Darknet?

• Darknet – A Darknet is an overlay network that can only be accessed with specific software, configurations, or authorization, often using non-standard communications protocols and ports.
• Dark web – The Dark web is content that exists on Darknet, overlay networks which use the public Internet but which require specific software, configurations or authorization to access.
• Deep web – The Deep web is parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard search engines for any reason.
• Clearnet – The Clearnet is a term typically referring to the unencrypted, or non-darknet. This traditional world wide web has relatively low-base anonymity, with most websites routinely identifying users by their IP address.

DarkNet :

A darknet  is an overlay network that can only be accessed with specific software, configurations, or authorization, often using non-standard communications protocols and ports. Two typical darknet types are friend-to-friend networks (usually used for file sharing with a peer-to-peer connection) and privacy networks such as Tor.

Origin- "Darknet" was coined in the 1970s to designate networks which were isolated from ARPANET, which evolved into the Internet, for security purposes. Darknets were able to receive data from ARPANET, but had addresses which did not appear in the network lists and would not answer pings or other inquiries.

Uses :

Darknets in general may be used for various reasons, such as:

• Computer crime (hacking, file corruption etc.)
• Protecting dissidents from political reprisal
• File sharing (warez, personal files, pornography, confidential files, illegal or counterfeit software etc.)
• To better protect the privacy rights of citizens from targeted and mass surveillance
• Sale of restricted goods on darknet markets
• Whistleblowing and news leaks

What is Deep Web?

Deep web:

The deep web,invisible web, or hidden web are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard search engines for any reason. The opposite term to the deep web is the surface web. The deep web includes many very common uses such as web mail, online banking but also paid for services with a paywall such as video on demand, and many more. Computer scientist Mike Bergman is credited with coining the term deep web in 2000 as a search indexing term.

In our daily life we only use the surface web.Google, Yahoo and other search engines only show 4% of the data available on the internet. To access the other 96% it requires customized digging through individual sites, restricted access journals, archives and so on. This 96% is known as deep web.It's also important to understand that pretty much every thing we do online is visible,traceable and possibly be monitored. Everything except....for the areas of the deep web that are masked by the "dark web" which means you can access and interact with it anonymously without being tracked

To know more about "Deep Web and Dark Web" read my next blog.....